Sustainability in the Textile and Apparel Industries by Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu & Miguel Angel Gardetti

Author:Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu & Miguel Angel Gardetti
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9783030385415
Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Breaking

Subsequent to retting process, hemp stalks are transferred to breaking operation. Sheaves are opened and stalks are fed into the vertical positioned breaking rollers. Breaking operation is carried out by the force applied by the smooth and ribbed breaking rollers. Smooth rollers split the stalk longitudinally and ribbed rollers break hurds to smaller pieces. Most of the crushed hurds are separated from the fiber before next application. The wastes of this process, hurds, are not thrown away, they are collected for further applications. Unretted hemp stalk can be treated in this step; the fiber yield is around 60%. In this case, the fibers obtained from unretted stalks are suitable for paper industry. Also, green stalks are processible, and fiber content is around 50–55% in green stalks. Fibers produced from green stalks are suitable for spinning. Anyway, the best results are obtained with previously retted stalks [45].

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